eros — Blog — KEN D. MILLER

1 The elder to the beloved Gaius, whom I love in truth.

2 Beloved, I pray that all may go well with you and that you may be in good health, as it goes well with your soul. 3 For I rejoiced greatly when the brothers came and testified to your truth, as indeed you are walking in the truth. 4 I have no greater joy than to hear that my children are walking in the truth. – 3 John 1:1-4 ESV

Of the three letters John penned, this one appears to be the most personal in nature. It is addressed to someone called Gaius, an individual for whom John held strong affection. He refers to him as “beloved” Gaius. The Greek word John used is agapētos, which means “well-loved.” We know nothing about the relationship between these two men, but Gaius was obviously someone John loved dearly.

This letter is considered to be one of the pastoral epistles, written by an apostle to an individual. Like the letters Paul wrote to Timothy and Titus, this letter was meant to be circulated and shared. While its message was intended for Gaius, it was meant to benefit all believers. John’s heartfelt words were written with Gaius in mind but the Holy Spirit superintended his message so that it had universal appeal and application.

During the 1st century, Gaius was a common Greek name, and there are a number of men mentioned in the New Testament who share that appellation (Acts 19:29, 20:4; 1 Corinthians 1:14; Romans 16:23) . We have no way of knowing who this particular individual was or the nature of his relationship to John. It is likely that he lived somewhere in Asia Minor and had a connection to the local congregation to whom John wrote in his second letter.

Nowhere in this letter does the author mention his name; he simply introduces himself as “the elder.” This is the same way the Book of 2 John begins. His reticence to mention his name may be due to the growing threat of persecution which had become a pressing problem for the early church.

While the letter does not explicitly state its author, church tradition has long considered it to be the work of the apostle John. This letter bears all the hallmarks of John’s unique writing style. While 2 John and 3 John are both anonymous, they were included in the canon of Scripture with the understanding that John was their author.

In his salutation to Gaius, John utilizes the same wording he used in his second letter. He describes Gaius as someone he loves “in truth” (3 John 1:1 ESV). Four times in four verses, John brings up the topic of truth; something he also addressed in his second letter. John is not simply saying, “I love you, and that’s the truth;” he is making a theological statement. In his second letter, he qualified his greeting to the local congregation to whom he wrote by adding, “because of the truth that abides in us and will be with us forever” (2 John 1:1 ESV).

John was letting Gaius know that his love for him was based on far more than brotherly affection. This was not phileo love but agape love. The Greek language has four basic words that can be translated into our English word “love,” but they each carry a different meaning. Storge was used to refer to the kind of affection love one might have for their spouse or child. The Greek word eros was used when referring to passionate or sexual love. Phileo was typically reserved for describing the deep-seated affection between two friends. Philadelphia means “brotherly love.”

But John specifically chose the word agape to describe his love for Gaius. In fact, he used the agapētos which means “well-beloved,” and he adds that this love was in truth. This wasn’t a self-manufactured love or a love based on Gaius’ loveable personality. It was a gift from God and solely based on God’s love for sinful humanity. John wanted his friend to know that his love for him went well beyond mere brotherly affection. It was deeper and more significant than that.

John knew that he was loved by God and he was passing that love on to his friend. God’s gracious, unmerited love, as displayed in the gift of His Son, is what made it possible for John to love others, including Gaius. He was able to love because God had first loved him (1 John 4:19). God had showered John with His unconditional love and filled him with the Holy Spirit, providing him with the capacity to love others more completely and compassionately. John’s love for Gaius was a lay-it-all-on-the-line kind of love. It was sacrificial and not superficial. It was permanent and not passing. It was the love of one redeemed and forgiven sinner for another. They shared a common faith in Jesus Christ and had been adopted into the same family by God the Father. Paul describes this unique, shared relationship this way:

…you received God’s Spirit when he adopted you as his own children. Now we call him, “Abba, Father.” For his Spirit joins with our spirit to affirm that we are God’s children. And since we are his children, we are his heirs. In fact, together with Christ we are heirs of God’s glory. – Romans 8:15-17 NLT

So, John wanted Gaius to know that their mutual love was based on the truth of God’s love for them. God had loved them enough to send His Son to die for them. John wrote about this marvelous display of God’s love in his first letter.

Beloved, let us love one another, for love is from God, and whoever loves has been born of God and knows God. Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love. In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him. In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins. Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. – 1 John 4:7-11 ESV

John’s love for Gaius extended to his desire that his brother and friend experience health and wholeness, both physically and spiritually.

I pray that all may go well with you and that you may be in good health, as it goes well with your soul… – 3 John 1:2 ESV

For John, spiritual well-being superseded physical health and prosperity. He knew that growth in godliness was not a guarantee of physical comfort and ease. As he knew from personal experience, a life of Christlikeness was often accompanied by pain and suffering. John could still recall the words of Jesus declaring the reality of hardship for those who place their faith in Him.

“Here on earth you will have many trials and sorrows. But take heart, because I have overcome the world.” – John 16:33 NLT

John was probably familiar with the words of Paul and Barnabas, spoken to the saints in Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch of Pisidia. As these two men traveled through these regions, visiting the local churches, “they strengthened the believers. They encouraged them to continue in the faith, reminding them that we must suffer many hardships to enter the Kingdom of God” (Acts 14:22 NLT).

John knew suffering and sorrow were common features of the walk of faith. But he let Gaius know that he was praying for his health. He had no wish to see his friend suffer hardship, so he made it a habit to ask God to protect and prosper Gaius physically and spiritually.

But John was especially grateful to hear of Gaius’ spiritual growth. He rejoiced greatly upon receiving news that Gaius was “walking in the truth” (3 John 1:3 ESV). This young man’s life was marked by a commitment to the truth of the gospel. The love of God, as exhibited in the sacrifice of His Son for the sins of man, was making a difference in Gaius’ life. It permeated every area of his life. His faith in Christ, marked by his belief in the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus, had proven to be all-encompassing. His behavior was consistent with his professed belief in the saving work of Jesus.

And John let Gaius know just how much this pleased him.

I have no greater joy than to hear that my children are walking in the truth. – 3 John 1:4 ESV

Paul expressed a similar sentiment to the believers in Philippi:

…complete my joy by being of the same mind, having the same love, being in full accord and of one mind. Do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility count others more significant than yourselves. Let each of you look not only to his own interests, but also to the interests of others. – Philippians 2:2-4 ESV

Gaius was living out his faith in tangible ways that others could see. His belief in Christ was radically altering his behavior, and this brought great joy to his friend and mentor. As an apostle of Jesus Christ and an elder with oversight for the body of Christ, John found great satisfaction in witnessing believers live out their faith in daily life. He expressed this sentiment to the local congregation to whom he wrote his second letter.

How happy I was to meet some of your children and find them living according to the truth, just as the Father commanded. – 2 John 1:4 NLT

While John could not guarantee Gaius a life free from trouble and marked by physical health and prosperity, he could encourage his friend to continue in the faith, allowing the truth of the Gospel to saturate and sanctify his every thought and deed. His desire for Gaius’ spiritual growth echoed the sentiment of Paul for the believers in Philippi.

Only let your manner of life be worthy of the gospel of Christ, so that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of you that you are standing firm in one spirit, with one mind striving side by side for the faith of the gospel. – Philippians 1:27 ESV

Gaius was loving and living in the truth of the gospel and John was pleased. Like a proud father, John expressed his admiration for his young friend and encouraged him to stay the course. Life would be difficult but Gaius was headed down the right path.

English Standard Version (ESV)
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Permanent Text Edition® (2016). Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.

New Living Translation (NLT)
Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.